Hemorrhage and Shock

 Hemorrhage and shock 

Objectives:

1.list three methods of controlling external hemorrhage.

2.list the three steps for pre-hospital treatment for internal hemorrhage.

3.list ten sign and symptoms of shock .

4.list the five steps for pre-hospital treatment of shock.

Review of the organs 

1.The heart 

The heart is a hollow muscular organ.

-The right side of the heart receives the blood coming from the body and pumps it to lungs for reoxygenation.

-the left facet of the heart receives the oxygenated blood coming from the lungs and from there is pumped through the whole frame.

2.Arteies 

Arteries are the blood vessels that shipping the blood to the body. They are of different diameter, ranging from very thick(aorta,femoral), to medium ( radial) and small(arterioles).

2.Capillaries

Each artery is divided into increasingly smaller transport vessels until they narrow down intocapillaries ,the tiny vessels closet to the skin.Through their thin walls, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Other substances are also exchanged between the body cell and the blood

Hemorrhage

Definition: The lack of blood from the frame.It can be outside and or inner.

External hemorrhage types

With external hemorrhage,the wound and lose of blood are visible.

*Arterial

*Venous

*Caplillary.

Pre-hospital Treatment for External hemorrhage

1.Apply direct pressure.

2.Elevate injured extremity.

3.Use a tourniquet.

Note:

Immobilise extremity. Fractures may cause tissue damage. Immobilisation can quickly control the hemorrhage associated with with the injury. Blood vessels.

Using a Tourniquet

 Use a tourniquet ONLY in a extreme emergency while different approach fail to forestall the bleeding from an extremity.

DANGER: Using a tourniquet can motive harm to the nerves and blood vessels. It can result in the lack of extremity.

Internal Hemorrhage 

Internal hemorrhaging can range from minor significance to a first-rate lifestyles-threatening problem. The loss of blood can not be seen in inner bleeding.

-sign and symptoms

*Pale or yellowish or bullish skin

*Nausea vomiting

*Battel sign

*Blur sight

Pre-hospital Treatment for Internal hemorrhaging

1.Maintain an open airway and provide high-float oxygen in keeping with nearby protocol.

2. Preserve the patient warm, but be cautious not to overheat him/her.

3.Treat for shock.

Transport the patient as soon as possible.

Report the possibility of internal bleeding as soon as more highly trained EMS personnel arrive at the scene.

Perfusion

Definition: The stream of blood throughout an organ.

An organ is perfusing while oxygenated blood is getting into thru the arteries and is thrilling via the veins.

Perfusion maintains the cells within the organ with the aid of giving them oxygen and other nutrients and through eliminating waste products.

Shock

Definition: Failure of the circulatory device to offer adequate oxygenated blood supply in the course of the body (insufficient tissue perfusion).

Cause of shock

*Inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the organ.

*extreme loss of blood; deficient blood in the framework.

*Excessive dilation of blood vessels.

Blood volume will be inadequate to fill them and stun will create.

Any of the above can cause oxygen deficiencies in the body's organ. There are various kinds of shock however the final product is something very similar: lacking perfusion to the organ.

Sign of shock 

*Breathing

*Pulse 

*Skin

*Face

*Eyes

Pre-hospital Treatment for shock

1.maintain open airway. If breathing is inadequate,administer oxygen.

2.prevent further blood loss(by using direct pressure,elevation or pressure points).

3.Elevate the lower extremities 20-30cm ,if there are no suspected spinal ,neck,chest,or abdominal injuries. If any one these injuries are suspected,keep the patient supine(face up).

4.Keep the patient warm,but do not overheat.

5.provide care for specific injuries.

Transport patient immediately